Thesis defense Francesca Aglialoro
The bright and DARC side of detection: Role of membrane proteins during erythroid maturation
On 6 November 2020 (10:00 hrs) Francesca Aglialoro defended her PhD thesis 'The bright and DARC side of detection: Role of membrane proteins during erythroid maturation at the University of Amsterdam
Promotor
MM von Lindern PhD
Copromotor
E van den Akker PhD
Venue:
Agnietenkapel, University of Amsterdam, and on line
Summary
This thesis aims at elucidating the role of specific membrane proteins crucial during erythroid maturation, niche interactions and erythrocyte functionality. Such knowledge is essential to develop novel therapeutics that regulate erythropoiesis but also to produce cultured erythrocytes for transfusion purposes. In bioreactors as well as within tissue, erythroid cells experience shear stress. We investigated the effects of the mechanosensing cation channel PIEZO1 activation in response to shear stress. PIEZO1 activation activated specific signaling pathways that regulate erythroblasts proliferation and differentiation. In addition PIEZO1-mediated cation influx in erythroblasts also regulates inside-out activation of integrins. Integrins mediate interactions of erythroblasts with the macrophages within the erythroblastic island, thus regulating erythroblast niche interactions. Moreover, we showed that another membrane protein, DARC, mediates interactions between erythroid cells and the bone marrow niche, through binding with SDF-1, the chemokine restricting neutrophil precursors and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to the bone marrow. We found that DARC can only bind SDF-1 in immature erythroid cells. Interestingly, Plasmodium vivax uses the membrane protein DARC as the main entry point to invade reticulocytes but not erythrocytes. We found that P.vivax tropism towards in vivo reticulocytes was due to differential DARC epitope exposure. We used this knowledge to optimize an in vitro P.vivax invasion model using in vitro cultured reticulocytes. In conclusion, we showed how expression and signaling of different erythroid membrane proteins have high influence not only on the maturation of the erythroid cell per se but also on the homeostasis of the surrounding environment and pathology.
